LB 3405 
.B8 
Copy 1 



7 



(d 



oHAW'S SCHOOL HYGIENE 



A REVIEW QUIZ 
FOR GEORGIA TEACHERS 

I r 






BY- 



E. C. BRANSON 

PRESIDENT STATE NORMAL SCHOOL, ATHENS, GEORGIA 



Neto gorft 
THE MACMILLAN COMPANY 

LONDON: MACMILLAN & CO., Lru. 
1902 

Ai7 rz^/its -reserved 



SHAW'S SCHOOL HYGIENE 



A REVIEW QUIZ 
FOR GEORGIA TEACHERS 



BY 

E. C. BRANSON 

PRESIDENT STATE NORMAL SCHOOL, ATHENS, GEORGIA 



THE MACMILLAN COMPANY 

LONDON: MACMILLAN & CO., Ltd. 
1902 

All rights reserved 



^ 




3^ 



THF LISRARY O? 
Two CoH!E8 Receiveo 

•AN. \% 1902 

cLa§S ^ XXa W' 
COPk b. 



Copyright, 1902, 
By the MACMILLAN COMPANY. 






liTortoaoB Press 

J. S. Gushing & Co. - Berwick & Smith 
Norwood Mass. U.S.A. 



Dr. Butler, the editor of this admirable summary of School 
Hygiene, pertinently reminds us in his Introduction that eye- 
sight is impaired, normal growth prevented, blood poisoned, 
and the body starved, because the hours of school Hfe are so 
often unhealthy and abnormal. 

Parents, teachers, principals, superintendents, school boards, 
and architects are jointly responsible for these crimes against 
helpless childhood. 

School teachers are specially responsible for such damage as 
they can control either by counsel, prevention, or correction, 
and in the state examination they will be expected to give 
answers to such questions in this quiz review as concern their 
particular responsibility for the health of the children. 

E. C. BRANSON. 
December i, 1901. 



NOTES TO SCHOOL HYGIENE 

CHAPTER I 
The Schoolroom 

1. The proper unit in planning a school building? 

Why ? (See also pp. 45, 46.) 

2. Give dimensions of a schoolroom accommodating 

forty-eight pupils: Give reasons therefor. 

3. Best arrangement of desks ? Why ? (See also p. 26.) 

4. Why should primary rooms be as large as rooms 

for higher grades ? 

5. Main points to be considered in lighting a school- 

room ? 

6. What proportion of window-glass surface is best ? 

Why ? Why large panes instead of small ones ? 

7. Windows : Where placed ? Why ? Why set with 

the least possible spacing between them ? How 
high should they extend.? Why.? Height of 
sills above floor } Why ? 

8. Shades : What kind of shades is preferable.? Why.? 

Why roll from bottom of windows .? What color 
of shades is best .? Why .? 



2 NOTES TO SCHOOL HYGIENE 

9. What color of walls is best ? Why ? Of ceiling ? 
Why ? 

10. Blackboard: Extent? Material? Color? Height 

above floor ? Width ? Why in each case ? 

11. Objections to teacher's platform ? 



CHAPTER n 
The School Building 

1. State the advantages and disadvantages to be con- 

sidered in locating the building. (See also p. 50.) 

2. Why is a two-story building preferable ? 

3. The basement: How protected from dampness? 

How floored for a play room ? How protected 
against fire from the furnace room ? Where there 
is no basement, how high above ground should 
the building be placed ? How make provision 
against stagnant air and water underneath the 
building ? (See also pp. 60-62.) 

4. Suggestions as to entrances ? 

5. Corridors: Objections to too narrow hallways? To 

too wide hallways ? Proper width ? How best 
lighted ? Opening of entrance doors ? 

6. Stairways : How many ? Why ? Where placed ? 

Why? Objections to balustrades ? Suggestions 
as to hand rails ? Preferable materials for stair- 
ways ? Why ? How lighted ? Why ? Sugges- 



NOTES TO SCHOOL HYGIENE 3 

tions as to width and landings? Proper height 
of risers ? Width of treads ? 

7. Floors : Best material ? Why ? How rendered 

sound proof ? Why floor the attic ? 

8. Dust : How obviated ? 

9. Cloak-room : Ends to be secured ? Objections to 

be avoided ? How ? 
10. Draw floor plan of a four-room school building 
embodying the suggestions approved in chapters 
I and II. 

CHAPTER III 

School Grounds 

1. Character of grounds? State disadvantages to be 

avoided and give reasons therefor. (See also 
p. 60.) 

2. Size of site: Minimum space per pupil? How 

ornamented? Where should trees be planted? 
Why ? Where should the playgrounds be lo- 
cated ? How protected ? 

3. Entrances : How many ? Why ? 

CHAPTER IV 
Warming and Ventilating 

1. Steam and hot water systems: Advantages and 

disadvantages of each ? 

2. Defects of hot air systems ? 



4 NOTES TO SCHOOL HYGIENE 

3. What is direct-indirect heating ? The purpose and 

method of it ? 

4. How provide an outlet for impure air ? 

5. Account for the dangerous effects of expired air? 

How are its impurities detected? What is the 
danger limit of vitiation ? What amount of fresh 
air is necessary per pupil, per hour, according to 
the Massachusetts standard ? 

6. What positive facts call for a constant renewal of 

fresh air in schoolrooms? 

7. How often will the air in a regulation schoolroom 

25 X 30 X 13 need to be renewed? 

8. The gravity system of ventilation: Explain the 

method. Its defects? 

9. Explain pressure and exhaust (plenum and vac- 

uum) ventilation by means of fans. Contrast 
the two systems. How are the best effects 
secured ? 

10. Contrast pressure ventilation by means of the disk 

and the paddle-wheel fan. Defects to be avoided ? 

11. Inlets and outlets: Where are they best located? 

Sizes of inlets and outlets? 

12. Purity of air supply: The best source of pure 

air ? How washed and filtered ? 

13. The proper temperature of air in a schoolroom? 

How indicated? 

14. Humidity: Effects of air devoid of a proper hu- 

midity ? Effects of too high a degree of humidity ? 



NOTES TO SCHOOL HYGIENE 5 

What is a proper per cent of humidity? How 
supplied ? 

15. Explain the use of an anemometer in measuring 

ventilation. 

16. Explain the best methods of heating and venti- 

lating rural schools. 

17. Suggestions as to ventilation by means of windows.? 



CHAPTER V 

Sanitation 

1. Closets: How many.? Where placed .? How ven- 

tilated ? Character of fixtures ? How floored ? 
How Hghted.? Advice about deodorants and 
scrubbing ? 

2. Urinals : How constructed ? Of what materials ? 

How kept in sanitary condition ? 

3. Directions concerning outhouses for country schools ? 

4. Diseases that may be communicated by a com- 

mon drinking cup } 

5. Objections to a water pail.? What substitute is 

advisable .? 

6. Advice regarding springs and wells .? 

7. Directions for the daily cleaning of the building.? 

Cleaning that needs to be done periodically.? 

8. Arguments for and against dustless floor oils ? 

9. A satisfactory way of cleaning desks and seats .? 



6 NOTES TO SCHOOL HYGIENE 

10. A simple and effective way of disinfecting books 

and wraps? 

1 1 . Caution as to colored crayons ? 

CHAPTER VI 
School Baths 

1. The purpose of school baths? (See also pp. 133, 

134.) 

2. Reasons for having basins, soap, and towels pro- 

vided for the schoolroom ? 

3. Effects of attention to personal cleanliness in 

schoolrooms ? 

CHAPTER Vn 

School Furniture 

1. Injurious effects of wrongly constructed desks 

and chairs ? 

2. Why should desks and chairs be adjustable in 

height ? 

3. Describe a proper sitting posture. (See also p. 160.) 

4. Evil results from placing the seats too far from 

the desks ? 

5. Advantages of a desk top that slides forward and 

back ? 

6. What determines the proper slope of a desk top ? 



NOTES TO SCHOOL HYGIENE 7 

Advantages and disadvantages of a slope of 15 
degrees from a horizontal ? 

7. The seat or chair : Proper height ? Why should 

seat be concave? How wide? Why? How 
high should the back rest be? How curved? 

8. Objections to foot rests ? 

9. Advantages of single desks? 

10. Describe an ideal desk and seat. 

11. When should periodical adjustments of seats and 

desks occur? Why? 



CHAPTER Vni 
Postures and Physical Exercises 

1. Name conditions in school life productive of 

bodily deformities. Instance the alarming ex- 
tent of these deformities. 

2. Describe common improper desk postures and the 

resulting evils. (See also p. 164.) 

3. What part of the time of first-year pupils should 

be spent at their desks ? What corrective physi- 
cal exercises are advisable throughout the school 
course? How often? (See also p. 168.) 

4. Describe common improper positions in standing. 

Evils resulting? 

5. Describe a proper standing position. 

6. Recesses : How often ? How long ? Why ? 



8 NOTES TO SCHOOL HYGIENE 

7. Physical exercises : How often ? Purposes in 
view? Objections to the Swedish system? 
The benefits of free gymnastics? The uses of 
apparatus ? 

CHAPTER IX 

Eyesight and Hearing 

1. What conditions in school life tend to impair the 

eyesight ? 

2. Suggest alterations that would increase the legi- 

bility of letters. 

3. What color and surface of paper are unfit for text- 

books ? Why ? 

4. Conditions of legibility in blackboard writing? 

5. Objections to the use of slates? 

6. Suggestions as to copy-books ? As to ink ? 

7. In reading or writing how near to the eye should 

the page be ? (See also p. 144.) 

8. Evils of excessive writing? 

9. Objections to the use of fine maps ? 

10. Cautions as to needlework by pupils ? 

11. How test the degree of illumination requisite for 

study ? 

12. Objections to the incandescent electric light for 

reading or study ? 

13. Advantages of the Holophane globe? 

14. Objections to the gas jet? How can the defects 



NOTES TO SCHOOL HYGIENE g 

of color and unsteadiness be remedied ? What 
other advantages are gained thereby? Further 
advantages of using the Holophane globe with 
the Welsbach mantle? Where should the light 
be placed? 

15. Testing the eyesight: Importance of it? How 

test acuteness of vision ? Indications of long- 
sightedness ? 

16. Hearing : The extent of defective hearing ? (See 

also p. 199.) Describe the test by means of a 
watch. By means of whispering. Describe the 
test by means of the audiometer. 

CHAPTER X 
Handwriting 

1. Spinal curvature: Its extent among schoolboys? 

Among girls ? A principal cause ? 

2. Objections to slanting script? Advantages of ver- 

tical script? 

3. Describe the straight central position in writing. 

4. Rules to be observed in teaching vertical script? 

5. Objections to the old way of holding the pen ? 

6. Objections to the prevalent old-time way of teach- 

ing writing? 

7. Suggestions as to writing by beginners ? Reasons 

for alternate use of right and left hands ? 



10 NOTES TO SCHOOL HYGIENE 

8. Objections to the too early use of pencils and 

pens ? 

9. Reasons for placing freedom and ease of move- 

ment before nicety and exactness of letter forms ? 



CHAPTER XI 

Conditions Conducive to Healthful Mental Work 

1. Causes of overpressure and fatigue? Dangers? 

2. How may fatigue be obviated in the daily pro- 

gramme ? When is vitality at its lowest ebb dur- 
ing the day ? 

3. Indicate about the length of recitations in the 

various school years. 

4. Objections to a long, single daily session? 

5. Suggestions as to home study on part of pupils ? 

6. Suggestions as to examinations? 

CHAPTER XII 

Diseases which Concern the School 

1. Diphtheria: Its cause and nature? How spread? 

Symptoms? Conditions of readmission of pupil ? 

2. Scarlet fever : How communicated ? Why so much 

to be dreaded ? Symptoms ? When prevalent ? 
Advisability of a quarantine ? Conditions of 
readmission of pupil ? 



NOTES TO SCHOOL HYGIENE II 

3. Measles : When contagious ? How long in mani- 

festing itself ? Symptoms ? Classes of children 
most in danger ? When most prevalent ? 

4. Whooping-cough : When most dangerous ? Length 

of quarantine ? 

5. Mumps : Symptoms ? How communicated ? How 

long should pupil be excluded from school? 

6. Chicken-pox : Character of the disease ? How 

long should pupil be excluded from school ? 

7. Spitting: The danger of communicating diseases 

by sputa ? The advisability of instruction upon 
the evils of spitting ? 

8. Contagious conjunctivitis: Nature of the disease? 

How communicated? Symptoms? Dangers? 
Disinfection ? 

9. Chorea: Nature? Indicative symptoms? Causes? 

Treatment ? 

10. Adenoid growths : Nature of the disease ? Symp- 

toms ? Treatment ? 

11. Pediculosis: Nature of the disease? Symptoms? 

Treatment ? 



.T«.a. 16 10052 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 



029 463 715 






